Zadania 1–9 — 60 punktów / 90 minut
Read the text below. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from options A–H the one which best fits each gap. Three options are distractors and do not fit any gap.
Canada is usually thought of as a land of forests, lakes and mountains, but it is just as much a country of coasts. It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and in the north it reaches all the way up to the Arctic Ocean – three oceans in all. Its southern edge lies at about 41 degrees north, while its northern islands go beyond 83 degrees, which puts them well inside the Arctic. The total, thanks to those three oceans and thousands of islands, comes to 202,080 kilometres – more than any other country on Earth.
The Atlantic coast belongs to the Maritime provinces, a region of fishing villages and coastal cliffs where life has always depended on the sea. Newfoundland and Labrador is a place of dramatic cliffs, where puffins nest in summer and icebergs drift past on their way south. Prince Edward Island, by contrast, is known for something gentler: its beaches of red sand.
On the other side of the country, the Pacific coast of British Columbia is where the mountains meet the sea. Vancouver is a busy city, yet you are never far from a hiking trail or a beach. The wildest stretch of shore, however, is on the western side of Vancouver Island, in the Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, where temperate rainforest runs right down to the cliffs and long beaches of soft sand. Surfers brave some of the biggest waves in the country at Long Beach, walkers on the coastal paths watch migrating humpback whales, and kayakers explore the islands and inlets of Barkley Sound. The most demanding option is the West Coast Trail, a 47-mile hike along the shore.
The third coast is the one few people ever see. Canada’s Arctic shore is broken up into an enormous group of islands, the Arctic Archipelago, which contains 36,563 of them in all. Even so, the region is far from lifeless: polar bears, walruses and narwhals all make their home in and around its frozen waters.
All those islands put Canada near the top of the world list of island-rich countries. It is a reminder that this vast country is not only a land of prairies and forests; it is a nation shaped, on every side but one, by the sea.
Read the text below. For questions 2.1–2.4, decide if each statement is True, False, or if there is No Information given in the text (4 pts). For questions 2.5–2.8, find the word in the text that matches the definition (4 pts).
Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories, and it is the territories – Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut – that give the country its reputation as a remote and untamed place. They stretch deep into the Arctic, and their stark landscapes look like nowhere else on Earth: glacier-topped mountains, tundra reaching to the skyline, and winter skies lit up by the Aurora Borealis, the Northern Lights.
The climate is not for the faint-hearted. Winters in the north are long and snowy, and across most of the region the temperature drops below minus 30 degrees Celsius. Much of the land is tundra: cold, vast and almost entirely treeless, yet, as one travel guide puts it, “beautiful in its own way”. It is here that polar bears and caribou make their home.
Yukon, in the west, has the highest ground. Mount Logan, at 5,959 metres, is the highest mountain in Canada and the second highest in North America; only Denali is taller. It stands in Kluane National Park, right on the border with Alaska, a park known for its extremes: as well as the country’s highest peak, it contains the largest ice fields in Canada, and it is famous for its grizzly bears.
The Arctic coast and islands belong to some of the most remarkable animals in the country. The Atlantic walrus, with its commanding presence, impressive whiskers and long ivory tusks, lives in small populations in the High Arctic and the Central-Low Arctic. Tusks are found on both males and females, and they serve a practical purpose: a walrus uses them to break through the sea ice and to climb out of the water. Walruses are sensitive to changes in their sea-ice habitat, and as the ice shifts, some of them haul out on land in large numbers.
Belugas are just as easy to recognise, with their pearly white skin and “smiling”, upturned mouths. They live mainly in the Arctic, and about two-thirds of the world’s population spends the summer in Canadian waters, although a few small groups live farther south, among them the belugas of the St. Lawrence Estuary.
On land, the Canada lynx is the quiet hunter of the snow. With paws that have been likened to snowshoes, it feeds on hares, ducks and young deer; it is also known to climb trees, and it can swim to catch fish swiftly. Its size varies enormously, from that of a domestic cat to six times larger. It is one of only three lynx species in the world, alongside the Eurasian lynx and the Iberian lynx, and all three share the same features: small heads, tufted ears, heavy bodies, long legs and short tails.
Tough as they are, these animals have one thing in common. Each of them depends on ice and snow, and, as the walruses hauling out on land show, the ice they depend on is no longer something they can count on.
The Northern Lights can be seen in the territories more often than anywhere else in Canada.
The national park in which Mount Logan stands is also home to Canada’s biggest ice fields.
Among walruses, only the males grow tusks.
The Canada lynx is the largest of the three lynx species.
Find the word in the text that matches each definition.
(of a sea animal such as a seal or a walrus) to leave the water and move onto land or ice
bare and severe, with nothing soft or pleasant about it
to say that one thing is similar to another
quickly and without wasting any time
Uzupełnij poniższe dialogi (3.1.–3.6.), wybierając spośród podanych możliwości. Zakreśl literę A, B albo C.
X: Is the cabin easy to get to?
Y: Not really – it’s well off the beaten ______. The nearest shop is a two-hour drive away.
X: Emma wanted to tell the club about her Arctic expedition herself.
Y: I know, but Tom stole her ______ by announcing it on the group chat last night.
X: Ben says there’s a bear behind the campsite toilets again.
Y: He’s cried ______ so many times this summer that nobody even looks up any more.
X: The forecast says it stays dry until Thursday.
Y: Then let’s make ______ while the sun shines and get the roof of the hide finished.
X: So why did you come home from the camping trip two days early?
Y: The mosquitoes were bad enough, but the rain coming through the tent was the last ______.
X: Nobody expected Lucy to win the cross-country race.
Y: Neither did I – she turned out to be a real dark ______.
Read the text below. Complete each gap (4.1.–4.10.) with one word to create a coherent and grammatically correct text.
Canada is the second largest country in the world; only Russia is bigger. It covers 9.98 million square kilometres – more 4.1. _______ the whole of the European Union put together – and it is the largest country in the western hemisphere. Its only land neighbour is the United States, 4.2. _______ which it shares the longest international border on the planet: 8,891 kilometres in all, more than 2,475 of 4.3. _______ running along the edge of Alaska in the north-west. Apart 4.4. _______ the USA, Canada has just one other neighbour, Greenland, across the sea to the north-east.
4.5. _______ all that space, however, the country is among the ten most sparsely populated on Earth. It has a population of only 40 million, and the vast majority of them – almost nine 4.6. _______ of ten – live within 160 kilometres of the American border. Eight in 4.7. _______ ten Canadians live in a town or a city, and the biggest of those cities, Toronto, is home to about seven million people, 4.8. _______ the capital, Ottawa, has only about one million. In 4.9. _______ words, most of Canada is empty: the further north you travel, the 4.10. _______ people you meet, until at last there is nobody at all.
Complete each sentence with one word. The number of dashes corresponds to the number of missing letters. Some letters are already given.
Beyond the last road there is nothing but _ _ _ o _ _ _ _ _ _ – hundreds of kilometres of forest, rock and tundra without a single town.
A _ _ _ _ _ s _ _ _ is a piece of land with water on three sides but still joined to the mainland.
We watched the sun sink slowly below the _ _ r _ _ _ _, where the sea seemed to meet the sky.
Pack the wet gear _ _ _ a _ _ _ e _ _ from the dry clothes, or everything in the bag will end up damp.
The rangers say it is _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ to carry bear spray on this trail – nobody should walk it without some.
Even a small oil spill can damage the marine _ _ _ i _ _ _ m _ _ _ for years, killing seabirds and poisoning fish.
A stand of spruce gives caribou some _ _ e _ _ _ _ when the wind comes off the ice.
Never swim near the mouth of the river: the _ _ _ r _ _ _ there is strong enough to carry an adult out to sea.
Read the text. Complete each gap (6.1.–6.8.) with one word by transforming the words given in the box. Two words are extra.
Canada is, above all, a country of water. It has more lakes than any other country in the world. 6.1. _______ three million of them lie inside its borders – about 60 per cent of all the 6.2. _______ lakes on the planet – and 31,750 of them are larger than three square kilometres. Seen from the air, the Canadian Shield, a huge region of rocky ground and forest in the centre of the country, looks like a green blanket dotted with 6.3. _______ patches of blue, and it is ideal territory for canoeing and camping.
The best known of these lakes are the five that Canada shares with the United States. The largest of them, Lake Superior, covers 82,100 square kilometres, which makes it the biggest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. Not far away, on the same border, is one of the most famous waterfalls on the continent. Niagara Falls were 6.4. _______ in the last Ice Age and are the largest falls in Canada by the volume of water that pours over them, and most visitors agree that the view is more 6.5. _______ from the Canadian side than from the American one.
Rivers have their surprises too. At Lytton, in British Columbia, the Thompson River meets the Fraser, and at the point where they join, the two rivers can look as if they refuse to mix. The explanation lies in the 6.6. _______ in sediment, temperature and flow between them: for a while the two streams run side by side before they finally blend.
All this water is also a source of energy. Canada is one of the world 6.7. _______ in hydropower, using the force of moving water to produce 6.8. _______, and fresh water is counted among the country’s most important resources, alongside timber, oil, gas and minerals.
6.1. ROUGH → Roughly (sentence adverb, capital letter: 'Roughly three million of them’)
6.2. NATURE → natural (adjective: 'the natural lakes on the planet’)
6.3. COUNT → countless (adjective with -less: 'countless patches of blue’)
6.4. FORM → formed (past participle, passive: 'were formed in the last Ice Age’)
6.5. SPECTACLE → spectacular (adjective: 'the view is more spectacular’)
6.6. DIFFER → differences (plural noun: 'the differences in sediment, temperature and flow’)
6.7. LEAD → leaders (plural agent noun: 'one of the world leaders in hydropower’)
6.8. ELECTRIC → electricity (noun: 'to produce electricity’)
Distractors (not used): DEEP, FLOW
Using the word given in CAPITALS, complete each sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the original. Do not change the form of the given word. You may write a maximum of five words, including the word given.
I’d prefer to sleep in the tent, not in the cabin.
Key word: RATHER
I ________ in the tent than in the cabin.
I’m sure a bear got into the food box during the night.
Key word: MUST
A bear ________ the food box during the night.
Take a whistle with you because you might get lost.
Key word: CASE
Take a whistle with you ________ lost.
Working outdoors in temperatures below zero is no longer strange to Anna.
Key word: USED
Anna ________ outdoors in temperatures below zero.
The rangers cancelled the guided walk because of the storm.
Key word: CALLED
The rangers ________ because of the storm.
Sam is not usually late for the boat.
Key word: LIKE
It is not ________ for the boat.
The ferry was cancelled because the sea was stormy.
Key word: DUE
The ferry was cancelled ________ sea.
Although it was snowing heavily, the climbers carried on.
Key word: EVEN
The climbers carried on ________ heavily.
Match each province or territory (8.1.–8.6.) to one option (A–H). Two options are extra and match none of the provinces and territories.
| Province or territory | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nunavut | |
| Alberta | |
| Prince Edward Island | |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| Saskatchewan | |
| Nova Scotia |
| Province or territory | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nunavut | H |
| Alberta | B |
| Prince Edward Island | D |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | C |
| Saskatchewan | F |
| Nova Scotia | G |
Rozwiąż zadania (9.1.–9.5.), udzielając odpowiedzi w języku angielskim. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność merytoryczna i językowa odpowiedzi.
What is the name of Canada’s biggest bay, and in which year was it first explored by Europeans?
What is the name of the largest lake that lies entirely within Canada?
Which mountain on Baffin Island has the world’s highest vertical cliff?
Which large bird, Canada’s national bird, is famous for migrating in a 'V’ shape?
Which province is home both to Ottawa, the capital of Canada, and to Toronto, its largest city?