Zadanie 3 — Fill the gaps with the correct sentences
Read the text below. Five sentences have been removed. Choose from options A–G the one which best fits each gap. Two options are distractors and do not fit any gap.
Passage 1: How Australians Fell in Love with Coffee
Sentence options:
A. The flat white was first popularised in Australia and New Zealand in the 1980s, though both countries claim to have invented it.
B. Italian and Greek immigrants who arrived in the 1950s brought their espresso traditions with them.
C. Australians overwhelmingly prefer small, independently owned cafés that roast their own beans.
D. Coffee beans grow best in tropical climates, which is why most of the world’s supply comes from Brazil and Colombia.
E. Local baristas are trained to international competition standards, and Australian coffee awards attract entries from hundreds of roasters.
F. As the café scene grew through the 1960s and 1970s, espresso culture spread beyond immigrant communities.
G. The country’s barista culture and emphasis on quality single-origin beans have influenced café scenes worldwide.
Australia’s coffee culture is among the most sophisticated in the world, yet it was not always this way. For most of the twentieth century, Australians drank tea — a habit inherited from British colonial traditions. They opened espresso bars in Melbourne and Sydney, introducing locals to strong, flavourful coffee for the first time.
The shift was gradual but unstoppable. Young Australians who had grown up watching their parents drink tea began experimenting with lattes, flat whites, and cappuccinos. By the 1980s, the café had become a social institution.
One drink in particular helped define Australian coffee culture: the flat white. It consists of a double shot of espresso topped with steamed milk that has a thin, velvety layer of microfoam — less frothy than a cappuccino, more milky than a macchiato.
Australia’s rejection of chain coffee shops is another distinctive feature. Starbucks famously struggled in Australia and closed most of its stores in 2008, unable to compete with the quality offered by independent roasters.
Today, Australian-style cafés can be found in London, New York, and Tokyo. What began as an immigrant tradition has become one of Australia’s most successful cultural exports.
Show answers
3.1. B
3.2. F
3.3. A
3.4. C
3.5. G
3.1. The gap follows a sentence about tea-drinking traditions. Option B introduces Italian and Greek immigrants who brought espresso, explaining the shift away from tea.
3.2. The gap follows 'gradual but unstoppable.' Option F describes espresso culture spreading through the 1960s-70s beyond immigrant communities, connecting to the next sentence about young Australians experimenting.
3.3. The gap follows 'the flat white.' Option A gives its origin (1980s, AU/NZ), leading into the description of what it actually consists of.
3.4. The gap follows 'rejection of chain coffee shops.' Option C explains the preference for independent cafés, leading into the Starbucks example.
3.5. The gap follows Australian cafés appearing worldwide. Option G explains their global influence through barista culture and quality beans, wrapping up the passage.
Passage 2: The Story of Thanksgiving Dinner
Sentence options:
A. Americans consume roughly 46 million turkeys on Thanksgiving Day alone, along with 50 million pumpkin pies.
B. However, regional variations make the meal unique across different parts of the country.
C. The holiday traces its origins to a 1621 harvest feast shared between Plymouth colonists and the Wampanoag people.
D. However, it almost certainly did not appear at the original 1621 feast.
E. Turkey farming has become a major agricultural industry, with Minnesota producing more turkeys than any other state.
F. The holiday was not officially recognised by the federal government until Abraham Lincoln proclaimed it a national holiday in 1863.
G. As the country has become more diverse, Thanksgiving tables have started to reflect a wider range of culinary traditions.
Thanksgiving is the most important food holiday in the United States. Every fourth Thursday in November, families gather for a meal centred on a roast turkey with all the trimmings. The tradition has evolved considerably since those early colonial days.
The modern Thanksgiving dinner typically includes roast turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce, mashed potatoes, and gravy. In Louisiana, turducken — a chicken stuffed inside a duck stuffed inside a turkey — has a devoted following. New Englanders insist on oyster stuffing, while Southern cooks add collard greens and cornbread.
Pumpkin pie is the iconic Thanksgiving dessert. The Pilgrims would not have had the butter, flour, or sugar needed for pie crust. The pumpkin dessert we know today only became standard in the early nineteenth century, when cookbooks began including recipes.
The sheer scale of Thanksgiving cooking is remarkable. Grocery stores report their highest sales of the year in the week before Thanksgiving, surpassing even Christmas.
Not everyone celebrates with a traditional meal, however. Some families order Chinese takeaway, others prepare entirely vegetarian feasts, and a growing number volunteer at community kitchens to serve meals to those in need.
Show answers
3.1. C
3.2. B
3.3. D
3.4. A
3.5. G
3.1. The gap follows the description of the modern tradition. Option C provides the historical origin (1621 feast), connecting to the next sentence about evolution.
3.2. The gap follows the standard menu. Option B introduces regional variations, which the next sentences illustrate (Louisiana, New England, Southern).
3.3. The gap follows 'iconic Thanksgiving dessert.' Option D says it wasn’t at the original feast, leading into the explanation about missing ingredients.
3.4. The gap follows 'sheer scale.' Option A provides the impressive numbers (46 million turkeys, 50 million pies), leading into the grocery sales statistic.
3.5. The gap follows 'not everyone celebrates traditionally.' Option G explains growing diversity, leading into the examples of alternative celebrations.